“I have often admired the mystical way of Pythagoras, and the secret magic of numbers“
Sir Thomas Browne first said this in the seventeenth century, was probably not directed at Magic Squares, and yet it most certainly does apply to this very ancient and fascinating of mathematical constructions.
If you’re not familiar with Magic Squares, then it is simply a square grid (e.g. 4 x 4, 5 x 5), where the total of all the numbers in each row and each column, and, to be classified as a perfect Magic Square, the sum of all the numbers in each of the two corner diagonals, all add up to the same total, which is often referred to as the “magic total”.
You may be surprised to know that Magic Squares date back all the way to 2,800BC when a magic square known as the “Loh-Shu”, which can be translated as “scroll of the river Loh”, was invented by Fuh-Hi, who was the legendary founder of Chinese civilization.
Independently of this, Magic Squares have also been found in Greek, Arabian, Indian and Roman cultures too, with all of these dating back hundreds, if not thousands, of years.
There are many mathematicians, the world over, including the famous Benjamin Franklin, who have added their insights to these mathematical curiosities, to the extent that even today, there are dedicated maths nuts who are still discovering intriguing, new facets of these Magic Squares.
Given that Magic Squares are primarily based on numbers (although alphabetic versions exist as well), it is not too much of a stretch to accept that they are also used in a sort of numerological / astrological way, and this practise has typically been most common in India, where the Yantra is constructed using a person’s date of birth, and then used to give a character assessment.
That’s all very well, but I’m sure you wondering whether Magic Squares have any practical uses.
Well, in one aspect, they certainly do – they are a marvelous way to educate children about both mathematics and the interactions between numbers.
There are plenty of examples on the Internet to be found, and in particular, a free Magic Squares Worksheet that combines a 3D puzzle with a Magic Square, which will keep children (and adults alike) both entertained and educated.
Magic Squares also crop up in the realm of conjuring, being used both as the effect itself and the secret method by which the effect is achieved. One widely-acclaimed book on the subject of Magic Squares presents both a mathematical analysis, as well as some of the uses to which magicians have put Magic Squares.
Be careful though – once you appreciate the beauty of these simultaneously simple but complex creations, you may be hooked for life!
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June 29th, 2009 at 1:12 pm